The M1 Carbine is the standard by which all PDWs are measured.

[JASmith]

...So, the idea that the designers did "the best they could" is inconsistent with the facts. The technology framework of that time could easily have supported manufacture of a more effective bullet.

The cartridge design and bullet selection all suggest that long range was not one of the design criteria.

Further, the often stated intent was to replace the 1911 and 38 caliber revolvers. In my view, the carbine was successful in that the hit frequency went way up, even though the probability of downing an adversary given a hit was not what any of us today like.